A brief discussion on the types and parameters of CCD industrial cameras

   Industrial cameras are a key component in machine vision systems. They not only directly determine the resolution and quality of images collected, but are also directly related to the operating mode of the entire system. Below, the editor of Chengdu Xinxiwang will introduce to you the types and parameters of CCD industrial cameras:

1. CCD industrial cameras mainly include the following types:

1. Area array CCD industrial camera: 

Allows photographers to capture moving objects in a single exposure at any shutter speed.

2.Line array CCD industrial camera: 

An image is scanned using a row of pixels and three exposures are made - one for red, green and blue filters. As the name suggests, linear sensors capture one-dimensional images. It was initially used in the advertising industry to shoot static images and linear arrays. When processing high-resolution images, it was limited to non-moving objects with continuous lighting.

3. Three-line sensor CCD industrial camera: 

In a three-line sensor, three parallel rows of pixels cover RGB filters respectively. When capturing a color image, the complete color image is composed of multiple rows of pixels. Three-line CCD sensors are mostly used in high-end digital cameras to produce high resolution and spectral gradation.

4. Interleaved transmission CCD industrial camera:

This sensor utilizes separate arrays for image capture and power conversion, allowing the current image to be read while the next image is being captured. Interlaced transmission CCDs are commonly used in low-end digital cameras, camcorders, and broadcast cameras that shoot animations.

5. Full-frame CCD industrial camera: 

This kind of CCD has more power processing capabilities, better dynamic range, low noise and transmission optical resolution. The full-frame CCD allows instant capture of full-color pictures. The full-frame CCD consists of parallel floating-point registers, serial floating-point registers and signal output amplifiers. The full-frame CCD exposure is controlled by a mechanical shutter or gate to save the image, and the parallel register is used for metering and reading the metering value. The image is projected onto a parallel array that serves as a projection screen. This element receives the image information and divides it into discrete quantized elements determined by the number. These information flows from parallel registers to serial registers. This process is repeated until all information is transferred. Next, the system performs precise image reconstruction.

2. Industrial camera parameters:

1. Resolution: The number of pixels (Pixels) of each image collected by the camera. For digital industrial cameras, it generally corresponds directly to the number of pixels of the photoelectric sensor. For analog cameras, it depends on the video format, PAL. The format is 768*576, and the NTSC format is 640*480.

2. Pixel Depth: The number of bits per pixel of data. 8Bit is commonly used. For digital industrial cameras, there are generally 10Bit, 12Bit, etc.

3. *Frame Rate/Line Rate: The rate at which the camera collects and transmits images. For area array cameras, it is generally the number of frames collected per second (Frames/Sec.). For line array cameras, it is generally the number of frames collected per second (Frames/Sec.). Machine is the number of lines collected per second (Hz).

4. Exposure method (Exposure) and shutter speed (Shutter): For line array cameras, line-by-line exposure is used. You can choose the collection method of fixed line frequency and external trigger synchronization. The exposure time can be consistent with the line period, or Set a fixed time; area array industrial cameras have several common methods such as frame exposure, field exposure, and rolling line exposure. Digital industrial cameras generally provide external trigger acquisition functions. The shutter speed can generally reach 10 microseconds, and high-speed industrial cameras can be even faster.

5. Pixel Size: The pixel size and the number of pixels (resolution) jointly determine the size of the camera target surface. At present, the pixel size of digital industrial cameras is generally 3μm-10μm. Generally, the smaller the pixel size, the more difficult it is to manufacture and the harder it is to improve the image quality.

6. Spectral response characteristics (Spectral Range): refers to the sensitivity characteristics of the pixel sensor to different light waves. The general response range is 350nm-1000nm. Some cameras add a filter in front of the target to filter out infrared light. If the system This filter can be removed when infrared sensitivity is required.